India’s healthcare system is showing notable progress in both accessibility and affordability, according to the latest findings from the National Statistical Office (NSO). The 80th round of its nationwide health survey highlights a positive shift, with improved access to medical services and a decline in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for patients across the country.
The survey, conducted across more than 1.39 lakh households in rural and urban areas, provides a comprehensive picture of how Indians seek and pay for healthcare. One of the key takeaways is that healthcare has become more affordable, particularly in public health facilities. The data shows that the average out-of-pocket spending for outpatient care in government facilities is now effectively zero, indicating that a large number of patients are able to access basic medical services free of cost.
Hospitalisation expenses have also become more manageable. The average cost per hospitalisation case stands at around ₹11,285, while more than half of patients admitted to public hospitals spend less than ₹1,100 from their own pockets. This suggests that government-backed initiatives aimed at reducing financial burden are beginning to deliver tangible results.
Another important trend highlighted in the survey is the growing reliance on public healthcare facilities. In rural areas, the use of government institutions for outpatient care has increased from 28 percent in 2014 to 35 percent in 2025. This rise reflects both improved infrastructure and increasing public confidence in state-run health services.
Health-seeking behaviour has also improved significantly. The proportion of people reporting illnesses has nearly doubled compared to the previous survey round conducted in 2017–18. While this may partly reflect a higher disease burden, it also indicates that more individuals are willing to seek medical attention rather than ignore health issues, a sign of better awareness and access.
Insurance coverage has expanded substantially as well, driven by government schemes such as Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. Coverage in rural areas has increased from 12.9 percent to 45.5 percent, while in urban areas it has risen from 8.9 percent to 31.8 percent. This expansion has played a crucial role in reducing financial stress on households.
The survey also points to improvements in maternal healthcare. Institutional deliveries have reached high levels, with 95.6 percent in rural areas and 97.8 percent in urban areas, indicating better access to safe childbirth facilities and improved healthcare infrastructure.
Overall, the findings suggest that sustained public investment, expansion of healthcare services, and targeted government programmes are contributing to a more accessible and affordable healthcare system. Increased utilisation of public facilities, wider insurance coverage, and reduced out-of-pocket costs collectively signal progress toward equitable healthcare for all.
While challenges remain, particularly in ensuring uniform quality and reach, the NSO survey underscores a positive trajectory in India’s healthcare landscape. The data reflects growing trust in public systems and highlights the impact of policy interventions aimed at reducing financial barriers and improving access to essential medical care across the country.
