Tobacco consumption remains a major health concern in India, with older adults more likely to use tobacco than younger people, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019–21. The survey found that about one in four Indians aged 15 and above reported using tobacco in some form as of 2021, with consumption particularly high among men in their 30s and 40s.
Older Adults More Likely to Consume Tobacco
The survey data show a clear difference in tobacco use across age groups. More than one in three Indians in their 40s and 50s consume tobacco, compared with roughly half that proportion among people in their 20s.
The gap is even wider among men. More than half of Indian men in their 30s and 40s use tobacco, while just over one-quarter of men in their 20s consume it. These figures suggest that tobacco use is more common among older generations than younger adults.
Women report much lower tobacco consumption than men. Overall, only around 4% of women use tobacco in some form. However, the figures increase with age, reaching about 17% among women aged 50 and above.
Chewing Tobacco Remains Common
Tobacco is consumed in several forms across India. Paan masala, gutkha and khaini are among the most common products, followed by cigarettes and bidis.
According to the survey findings, chewing tobacco is more common than smoking across age groups. Around two-thirds of tobacco users consume chewing products, while approximately half smoke bidis or cigarettes. Some users may consume more than one form of tobacco.
Health Risks Remain a Major Concern
Tobacco use is a leading risk factor for several serious health conditions, including cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco can cause significant harm, making awareness and prevention important public health priorities.The findings also reflect a wider global trend, with younger people in many countries less likely to use tobacco than older adults.
The survey highlights the need for continued public awareness campaigns, stronger prevention efforts and support for people who want to quit tobacco. Reaching older adults, particularly men, with information about health risks and quitting options could help reduce tobacco-related illness in India.
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